J. David Hulchanski - Cities Centre, University of Toronto Mayor Miller is
correct when he refers to the Ontario government’s recent budget decision to
postpone $4 billion in GTA transit expansion as “disgraceful,” “thoughtless” and
“beyond short-sighted,” a decision that makes “absolutely no economic sense” and
“it makes no sense from a social policy perspective.” This most recent broken
promise, however, should not be a surprise.
The Ontario Liberal party, ever since the inexperienced dark horse candidate for
leader surprised even himself in not only winning his party’s leadership but
winning majority governments with a minority of the vote, promises anything at
anytime to anyone if it serves the moment. This is an easy and even natural
outcome of a broken electoral system – untouchable majority governments put in
place by a minority of voters. Decisions don’t have to make sense from an
economic or social policy perspective. The greatest concentration of the
greatest contributors to the future of Toronto's and Ontario's prosperity live
in the poorest 40% of Toronto's neighbourhoods. Very few of these 1.1 million
people live near rapid transit. This is close to 10% of the province’s
population. Many are starting their lives, and raising their families as new
Canadians. All are struggling to make ends meet in this expensive city, filling
most of the low-paying jobs that are essential, but not appreciated. They clean
our offices, maintain our hotels, stock the shelves in our stores, and prepare
the food and clean the dishes in our restaurants, in order to raise themselves
and their children as good and productive citizens. Commuting times on busses
that are overstuffed in rush hour and infrequent the rest of the day take a huge
toll on both family time and employment opportunities. Fostering resentment in
this and the next generation is not a good way to build a great city. In
Toronto, all you need in order to have easy access to our subway and streetcar
system, and many other important public services, is enough money to live in the
expensive housing in the well served neighbourhoods. The 1.1 million of the
city's 2.5 million people who do not have the range of neighbourhood choices
that money buys, live in the parts of the city that are left over. These areas
were generally built after the 1940s on the assumption that all families would
have a good paying job and a car, if not two cars. In the last census, the
average household income in that 40% of the city was one third below the GTA
average household income. About one in five households have after-tax incomes
that are below the statistics Canada low income cut-off. Only one third of the
population is white in “that” part of the city, compared to 82% in the high
income and best serviced 20% of the city’s neighbourhoods. The continued failure
to adequately serve 40% of the city and about 10% of the province’s population
is a bold statement by our political leaders as to who matters and who does not.
That 40% gets promises when it serves some short-term political situation,
including a poverty reduction strategy that is going nowhere. They also get some
excellent reports that take a long time to produce and then are ignored. First
and foremost among these reports is the five volumes produced by the Review of
the Roots of Youth Violence, a commission Premier McGuinty appointed a few
months prior to the last election to get that issue of the election agenda.
“Today, there is simply no reason to accept that poverty should mean fewer and
poorer parks, recreation facilities, community centres, arts opportunities,
local stores or public services, nor should it mean inferior public transit
service.”
Who can disagree with this statement from McGuinty’s commissioned review, ably
led by Roy McMurtry and Alvin Curling? Yet, what is being done? Very little.
And now the promised improved transit will be delayed indefinitely.
“Transit planners should take into account the impacts of isolation on youth
and the impacts of long and difficult commutes on parents struggling to find
time to spend with their children.” Well, transit planners have done this. We
have the Transit City plan and, until Thursday, the promise to fund it.
“When services are scattered and transit options few, people with limited
resources, many needs and little time are actively discouraged from accessing
them, whether for themselves or their families.” None of this is rocket
science.
Our 19
th century electoral system, called first past the post, allows
a minority of voters to put in place majority governments. This is not
democracy. Mike Harris, elected by a minority of voters, unfortunately for many,
kept his promises. Dalton McGuinty, also in majority power by a minority of
voters, unfortunately for many, does not keep his promises. Both know how to
work the undemocratic electoral system in ways that allow for significant needs
to be left unaddressed, something proportional representation, used by most
democratic countries, makes difficult. More voices are at the table and they
have a greater opportunity to be listened to. Fairer compromises can be reached.
Our problem, affecting the future prosperity and great potential of Toronto, is
the lack of effective democracy which results in the lack of leaders who will
serve all residents. One of the world’s great cities is unable to make and
finance decisions it knows are in the best interest of all its residents. A
system that allows one politician to promise anything and then at anytime to
ignore the needs of so many with no input, negotiation or recourse, is broken.
J. David Hulchanski is a University of Toronto professor and head of the
research team studying neighbourhood change in Toronto. He is the author of
The Three Cities in Toronto: Income polarization among Toronto’s neighbourhoods, 1970–2000.
www.NeighbourhoodChange.ca
www.gtuo.ca